Heat and mass transfers in the boundary layer flow of mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic non-Newtonian Carreau fluid

S. S. P. M. Isa^1,2 - H. M. Azmi¹ - N. Balakrishnan¹ - N. M. Arifin^1,3 - H. Rosali³ - N. S. Ismail⁴

¹ Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
² Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
³ Department of Mathematics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
⁴ Centre for Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

Abstract
Combining power-law and Newtonian models gives a non-Newtonian Carreau fluid model which represents both shear thickening and shear thinning properties. When considering the applications of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with the Carreau fluid, it typically involves scenarios, where both the magnetic field effects and the non-Newtonian characteristics of the Carreau fluid are relevant. The potential applications of MHD are in the field of biomedical engineering and materials processing. Therefore, this paper explores a two-dimensional model of MHD non-Newtonian Carreau fluid flow over a permeable inclined compressing/extending sheet with the simultaneous heat-mass transfer effect. Since controlling equations are in partial differential equations (PDEs) form, similarity transformations convert these PDEs to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The final solution on these ODEs is obtained numerically by applying the MATLAB bvp4c programme. The ODEs are proved to be restricted by controlling parameters, such as the Schmidt number (Sc), the Weissenberg number (We), the power-law index (n), the Prandtl number (Pr), and the rotation angle of the sheet (α). The numerical solution which is reliable and relevant to the actual fluid situation is selected by applying the stability analysis method. The current computational results coincides with previously published data verifying the numerical method used. The influences of governing parameters on the associated profiles and physical parameters are presented graphically. It is found that velocity is enhanced when α is increased and decreases when n is increased. The augmentation of the Pr value decreases the temperature. Meanwhile, the concentration decreases as We and Sc increase. Table 1, Figs 10, Refs 33.